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#49 49. TABLE OF DUES FROM TO-NO-HARA, 1299 (Iriki in docs.; also KK, I.) EITHER the ji-to Shibuya or the myo-shu Tomo, of To-no-hara, Irikiin,-probably the former- had evidently bound himself to render from that place, eigher to the kuni or the domanial lord, or both, definite annual dues and services. Doubtless the former presented to the latter a "letter of acceptance"(uke-bumi), which has not been preserved. The following table, specifying the dues assigned to each of the estates within the area which was "accepted," yields, imperfect as the document is, so large a sum total of dues, that we infer that they were intended for both kuni and sho. Refer to the example of "acceptance" in 1258 given in No. 22. For an intensive study, this number should be compared carefully with Nos. 52, 59, and 70. The table, as usual, contains apparent errors of figures. "* * *1 1st year; table of the uke-chi2 of To-no-hara. "Total3 "One piece of silk [is equivalent to] 0.64 of rice, or 1.84 of barley. One tan4 of ta under cultivation5 is rated at 0.8 of nobe-mai.6 "[At] Fujiwaki:7- "Value8 of mulberry trees, 4 ryo,9 commuted to 2 pieces10 of silk. "Hata, 0.2.2.4 Barley due, 0.36.4 "Ta, 0.5.1/2,4 of which: failed,11 0.3.31/2, inclusive of 0.1.4, barren;12 in cultivation, 0.2.2. Rice due, 1.92;4 commuted to 3 pieces silk; balance rice, 0.12. "For various obligations,13 114 "In all, 7, of which, 31/216 remitted.15 "Fixed at 31/2 "Iya-zhiro17 of Adzuki-ana:7- "Value of mulberry trees, 2 ryo 16 mon-me,9 commuted to 1 piece silk; balance, 16 mom-me. "Hata, 0.9.0. Barley due, 1.35. "ta, 1.3.21/2, of which: failed, 0.6.31/2; in cultivation, 0.6.4. Rice due, 5.44; commuted to 3 pieces silk, inclusive of rice and barley. Half. "For various obligations, 1/2 "In all, 6, of which, 3 remitted. "Fixed at 3 "Estate left18 by Kusato betto:17 "Value of mulberry trees, 32 mon-me. "Hata, 0.1.2. Barley due, 0.21. "Ta, 0.8.31/2, of which: failed, 0.4.31/2; in cultivation, 0.4.0. Rice due, 3.2; commuted to 5 pieces silk; balance rice,0.21. "For various obligations, 1 "In all, 81/2, of which, 51/2 remitted "Fixed at 3 P179 "Estate left by Ryo-shin:17- "Value of mulberry trees, 32 mon-me. "Hata, 0.2.0. Barley due, 0.3. "Ta, 0.5.0, of which: failed, 0.2.21/2; in cultivation, 0.2.21/2; rice due, 2., commuted to 3 pieces silk; balance, rice, 0.2. "For various obligations, 1 "In all, 41/2, of which, 11/2 remitted. "Fixed at 3 "Taro kwan-su17 of Nabe:7- .............................................................................................19 "Zhiro-Taro17 of Koba:7- "Value of mulberry trees, 6 ryo 8 mon-me, commuted to 3 pieces silk; balance 8 mon-me "Hata, 0.9.0. Barley due, 1.35. "Ta, 1.1.4, of which: failed, 0.6.0; in cultivation, 0.5.4; rice due, 4.64, commuted to 71/2 pieces silk; balance rice, 0.14. "For various obligations, 31/2 "In all, 161/2, of which, 9 remitted. "Fixed at 71/2 "Rokuro17 Hori20 of Naka-Koba:7- "Value of mulberry trees, 10 mon-me. "Hata, 0.2.0. Barley due, 0.3. "Ta, 0.3.0; of which: failed, 0.1.21/2; in cultivation, 0.1.21/2; rice due, 1.2. "For various obligations, 1/2 "In all, 31/2, of which 11/2 remitted. "Fixed at 2 "Rokuro-Zhiro17 of Minekomi:7- "Value of mulberry trees, 2 ryo, commuted to 1 piece silk. "Hata, 0.1.1. Barley due, 0.18. "Ta, 0.5.0, of which: failed, 0.2.21/2; in cultivation, 0.2.21/2; rice due, 2. .............................................................................................21 "Fixed at 7 "Share of the Deputy:22- "ta, 2.3.0, of which: failed, 1.2.21/2; in cultivation, 1.0.21/2; rice due, 8.4, commuted to 14 pieces silk. "Value of mulberry trees, 7 ryo 24 mon-me, commuted to 31/2 pieces silk; balance, 24 mon-me. "Hata, 0.6.0. Barley due, 0.9, commuted to 1/2 piece silk. "In all 18. Balance, 24 mon-me. P180 "Estate left by Ki-shiro:17- "Ta, 1.7.2, of which: failed, 0.9.2; in cultivation, 0.8.0; rice due, 6.4, commuted to 101/2 pieces silk; balance, 0.1. "Value of mulberry trees, 2 ryo 8 mon-me, commuted to 1 piece silk; balance, 8 mon-me. "Hata, 0.2.0; barley due, 0.3, [which] together with 8 mon-me and rice 0.1 make 1/2. "For various obligations, 1 "In all, 13 "Estate left by Yuki-saburo Taira no nyu-do:17- "Ta, 0.5.11/2, of which: failed, 0.2.31/2; in cultivation, 0.2.21/2; rice due, 2.0. .............................................................................................21 "Fixed at 51/2 "Estate left by Ayame Mata-roku:17- "Value of mulberry trees, 3 ryo 24 mon-me, commuted to 1 piece silk; balance, 24 mon-me. "Hata, 0.2.31/2, Barley due, 0.405. "Ta, 3.0.1, of which: failed, 1.5.0; in cultivation, 1.5.1; rice due, 12.16; commuted to 20 pieces silk; balance, 0.16. "For various obligations, 31/2 "In all, 291/2, of which, 24 remitted, exclusive of temple land. "Fixed at 51/2 "Uchino- Iya-saburo:17- "Value of mulberry trees, 7 ryo 8 mon-me, commuted to 31/2 pieces silk; balance,8 mon-me. "Hata,0.2.0. Barley due, 0.33. "Ta,0.8.1, of which: failed, 0.4.0; in cultivation, 0.4.1; rice due, 3.36, commuted to 1/2 piece silk; balance rice, 0.06. "For various obligations, 1 "In all, 12, of which, 51/2 remitted. "Fixed at 61/2 "Estate left by To-taro,17 of Mai no Mabushi:7- "Value of mulberry trees, 2 ryo 16 mon-me, commuted to 1 piece silk; balance, 16 mon-me. "Hata, 0.1.2. Barley due, 0.21. "Ta, 1.0.41/2, of which: failed, 0.5.2; in cultivation, 0.5.21/2; rice due, 4.4, commuted to 7 pieces silk; balance rice, 0.2. P181 "For various obligations, 11/2 "In all, 111/2, of which, 5 remitted. "Fixed at 61/2 "Estate left by Mata-zhiro17 of the same place, [held by] Zhiro-Taro:17- "Value of mulberry trees, 3 ryo 24 mon-me, commuted to 11/2 piece silk; balance, 24 mon-me "Hata, 0.3.0. Barley due, 0.45. "Ta, 0.9.1/2, of which: failed, 0.4.21/2; in cultivation, 0.4.3; rice due, 3.68, commuted to 6 pieces silk; balance rice, 0.08. "For various obligations, 11/2 "In all 11, of which, 51/2 remitted. ...............................................................................................21 "* * *commuted to 41/2 pieces silk. "For various obligations, 1 "In all, 71/2, of which, 5 remitted. "Fixed at 21/2 "Estate left by Taro Tayu nyu-do:17- "Value of mulberry trees, 16 mon-me. "Hata, 0.4.0. Barley due, 0.65. 16 mon-me added to barley 0.65 fixed at 1/2. "Ta, 1.3.0, of which: failed, 0.7.3; in cultivation, 0.6.0; rice due, 4.8; commuted to 8 pieces silk. "For various obligations, 2 "In all, 101/2, of which, 41/2 remitted. "Fixed at 6 "Estate left by Den-hei-zo:17- "Value of mulberry trees, 2 ryo 8 mon-me; commuted to 1 piece silk; balance, 8 mon-me. "Hata, 0.2.2. Barley due, 0.36. "Ta, 1.0.2, of which: failed, 0.5.2; in cultivation, 0.5.0; rice due, 4.; commuted to 61/2 pieces silk; balance rice, 0.1. "For various obligations, 31/2 "In all 111/2, of which, 41/2 remitted. ...............................................................................................21 "* * * "Value of mulberry trees, 8 ryo 32 mon-me; commuted to 4 pieces silk; balance, 32 mon-me. "Hata, 2.0.1/2. Barley due, 3.015; commuted to 2 pieces silk, fixed by adding to rice. "Ta, 2.1.11/2, of which: failed, 1.0.21/2; P182 in cultivation, 1.0.4; rice due, 8.64; commuted to 14 pieces silk; balance rice, 0.24. "For various obligations, 31/2 "In all 24, of which, 101/2 remitted. "Fixed at 131/2 "Ta-zhiro:17- "Value of mulberry trees, 8 ryo 30 mon-me, commuted to 4 pieces silk; balance,30 mon-me. "Hata, 1.3.0. Barley due,2.4, commuted to 1 piece silk; balance, barley 0.24. "Ta, 3.8.11/2, of which: failed, 1.9.1/2; in cultivation, 1.9.1; rice due, 15.36, commuted to 251/2 pieces silk; balance rice, 0.06. "For various obligations, 31/2 "In all, 341/2, of which, 18 remitted. "Fixed at 161/2 .............................................................................................. "Share of To-ta nyu-do:17- "Ta, 0.7.4, of which: failed, 0.4.0; in cultivation, 0.3.4; rice due, 3.4. "Value of mulberry trees, 8 ryo, commuted to 4 pieces silk. "Hata, 0.5.0 Barley due, 0.75. "Rice and barley together make 1/2 "For various obligations, 1 "In all, 101/2 "Share of Naka-hachi:17- "Ta, 4.7.21/2, of which: failed, 2.4.21/2; in cultivation, 2.3.0; rice due, 18.4; commuted to 301/2 pieces silk; balance, rice 0.1. "Value of mulberry trees, 13 ryo 8 mon-me, commuted to 61/2 pieces silk; balance, 8 mon-me. "Hata, 0.9.3. Barley due, 1.44. "Barley, rice, and 8 mon-me together make 1 "For various obligations, 2 "In all 40, exclusive of the share of the sono. "Of this, 51/2 pieces silk are for obligations from 1.4.0 of ta. "Estate left by Tsuru7 no Shiro:17- "Ta, 0.6.4, of which: failed, 0.3.4; in cultivation, 0.3.0; rice due, 2.4, commuted to 4 pieces silk. "Value of mulberry trees, 1 ryo 32 mon-me, commuted to 1/2 piece silk; balance, 32 mon-me. "Hata, 0.1.0. Barley due, 0.15. "Barley and 32 mon-me together make 1/2 P183 "For various obligations, 1/2 "In all, 5, of which, 11/2 remitted. "Fixed at 31/2 "Sho-an 1 y. 10 m. - d. [November 1299]. (Monogram.)"23
1The two characters which are evidently "Sho-an" are worm-eaten. The first year of Sho-an corresponds for the most part to the year 1299. 2Uke-chi, "land accepted," or, land the fiscal obligations from which had been farmed out to the "acceptor." Uke-chi is the same as uke-sho explained in No. 22, although the former term is not known to have been applied, like the latter, to the farmer, as well as to the farmed land. 3See No. 18,n.3. 4For the units of land measurements, see No. 9, n. 18, and for those of dry measure, see No. 18. The units of both kinds will again be omitted in this translation of the present document, the areas of land written with decimal points between numbers of cho-, tan, and jo, and the dry measures given in italic numerals, with the koku(equivalent to about 4.9 bushels) as the unit. Thus, 0.51/2 will stand for 5 tan 1/2 jo of land, and 1.85, for 1 koku 8 to 5 sho of grain. The other kinds of units used in this document will be explained where they first occur, and then repeated throughout, except the piece of silk in certain connections; the reason for this exception will be stated in n. 14 below. 5"Ta under cultivation" is toku-den,literally, "rice-land gained," as contrasted with son-den, "rice-land lost," or, ta whose crop failed. 6Nobe-mai, literally, "lengthened rice," refers to the customary excess payment of rice added to the regular due in rice. The rate of this surtax was, in the next period, sometimes as high as 25 per cent of the regular rate. Since the term appears here, we know that the custom of rendering it was quite old. Its origin has not been cleared, but in general it must have risen in some way in order to provide against the loss due to the degree of flexibility in volume which was inevitable with such an article as rice. The quantity of grain is, as is well known, much reduced through the processes of hulling, pounding, and repeated measuring and packing. Cf. Ko-zhi rui-en, sei-zhi bu, IV; No-sei za-yu, II; Ken-ji yo-ryaku, III; etc. In the present document, the word nobe-mai is used carelessly in the sense of the sum of the regular dues and the customary excess, instead of the latter alone; the rates of the two factors cannot be differentiated. 7Place-names; probably aza-na. 8The original word for "value" is dai or shiro, meaning substitute, commutation, price. It is likely that the word is used here in the sense of dues, from mulberry gardens. Mulberry leaves are the staple food for the silk-worm. 9The gold and silver coins issued during the pre-feudal ages must long since have disappeared from the market of the Kamakura period. Ryo (which was, if it is assumed that the present standard prevailed also in 1299, about 37.5 grammes, or, 578.7 grains, or nearly 1/10 lb. troy) and mon-me (a tenth of a ryo) must, therefore, be taken as units of weight of bullion, not as the denominations of gold and silver coins in actual circulation. It should be remembered, however, that ryo here re- ferred to the weight of gold, and mon-me to that of silver. The current rate of exchange of the time between the two metals cannot be ascertained. In the early seventeenth century, the rate was offi- cially fixed at 1 to 6; at that rate, 60 mon-me of silver was equivalent to 1 ryo of gold. 10No unit-name for the piece of silk is given in this document, but it probably is the usual hiki. This unit has much varied in different ages; about 1300, it was presumably less than 21/1 feet in width and less than 30 feet in length. 11Son; see n.5 above. 12Fu. 13ku-zhi, obligations; commuted, in this instance, in silk.Ku-zhi as fiscal obligations no longer, in this period, meant exclusively obligations to public authorities, whether civil or feudal; they might be owed to private landlords and institutions. In 1308 (No. 52), a part of Iriki was rendering ku-zhi to the kuni government, the domanial lord, a religious house, and others. The present docu- ment refers to another part of Iriki and is a few years earlier, but it may be inferred from the P184 example of No. 52 that the ku-zhi of 1299 were probably of a similar character, and not owed, as in Nos. 13 and 42, to the feudal suzerain at Kamakura. 14The unit for the numbers without specification in the original must be the piece of silk. See n. 10 above. In order to avoid confusion with some of the other measures, no decimal points have been placed after these numbers. 15Go-men, excused. 16The unusual word kata-kata is used for "half" in this document, only in connection with amounts of commuted obligations and pieces of silk. 17Personal names. 18Ato, estate left by a person deceased or removed. 19Here is the end of a sheet. Probably what intervened between this and the next sheet was cut off when the sheets were pasted together in a roll. 20Some error 21Again some lines missing between sheets. 22Go dai-kwan, agent of the domanial lord or the governor. 23The writer is unknown. See the preface to this document.