#80
        80. GUARD SERVICE AT THE IMPERIAL PALACE, 1335

THE imperial government restored on a workable basis the neglected custom of requiring the former
go ke-nin to perform the guard service3 at the palace at Kyoto, and, on 26 March, 1335, published
rules regulating the conduct of the service. According to these, one guardsman was due from each
10 cho (one cho being about three acres) of landholdings, if near the Capital, 20 cho, if farther, and
30, if very far, as in Kyu-shu; if the holding of a younger member was smaller than this minimum,
the heir-general(so-ryo) was obliged to represent him in addition to his own duty; if a warrior
held several domains, of sufficient sizes, he performed the service in person for the cheif domain,
and sent proxies for the others; all expenses had to be borne by the warrior, who should not shift
them to inferior people; and he was counselled to be frugal about his armor, hita-dare,1 and
weapons. The term of the service is not stated.2
  The memoranda A and B are nearly identical. The slight variations in names that may be noted
are doubtless due to want of care in copying. The two documents give but a fraction of the former
go ke-nin in Satsuma, who probably took turns.
   Just as the go ke-nin owed the guard duty at the palace, so rear-vassals owed it at the residence
in Kyoto of their immediate lord. The document C gives an illustration: Honda had finished his
service of four months, and the fact was acknowledged by his lord Shimadzu Sadahisa.




#80-A
                                         A
         (The Hishizhima docks., v; also SK,XII, and Dai Ni-hon shi-ryo, VI, ii, 306.)
"LIST of the names of the ji-to and go ke-nin of Satsuma kuni who should perform,
from the 1st day of the 3rd month [26 March], the o-ban3 at the palace. The names
follow no order. Only those who should serve in this term.
       "They should provide themselves with an armor, a suit of hita-dare,1 and an
    equipment.4
  "Osumi Zhiro-saburo                         Shikibu Mago-goro nyu-do8 
Suwo Kurando Saburo                           Shibuya Ko-shironyu-do5
Shibuya Shin-hei-zhi nyu-do5              Shibuya Iya-zhiro5
Yagami Saemon-zhiro                           Chiran Shiro
Shibuya Hiko-saburo nyu-do5                 Mitsutomi Mata-goro nyu-do
Ibusuki gun-zhi nyu-do6                         Asaoka Mago-saburo
Hishizhima Hiko-taro 7

  "Ken mu 2 y. 2 m. 30 d. [25 March 1335]."




#80-B
                                         B
                             (The Chichibu docs., in SK, XII.)
"List of names of the ji-to and go ke-nin of Satsuma kuni who should from the next
3rd month 1st day perform the o-ban3 at the palace. The names follow no order. Only
those who should serve in this term. They should provide themselves with an armor,
a suit of hita-dare,1 and an equipment.4

"Osumi Zhiro-saburo                       Shikibu Mago-goro                            Suwo Kurando
Shibuya Shin-hei nyu-do5                 Shibuya Ko-zhiro5                 Yagami Saemon Goro
Shibuya Iya-zhiro5                            Shibuya Hiko-saburo nyu-do5             Chiran Shiro
Mitsutomi Mata-goro                       Ibusuki gun-zhi nyu-do6    Asaoka Mago-saburo

    "Ken-mu 2 y. 2 m. last d. [25 March 1335]."
P234



#80-C
                                         C
                                      (SK, XII.)
     "Regarding the o-ban at the office of Satsuma kuni,9 south on Nijo and Made-no-     
Koji. You have performed [said service] from the 3rd month 1st day to 7th month 1st
day of this year, [as allotted] for Hariwara, Yokomine, and Uchino, in Yamato in.
Therefore, it is stated thus.
  "Ken-mu 2 y. 7 m. 6 d. [26 July 1335].       Shami,10 (Sadahisa's monogram.)
     "Honda Mago-zhiro dono."





  1Hita-dare, a dress in two piecec, originally worn by noble persons in the bed chamber, was
gradually adapted for semi-formal uses by both civil and military classes; in the period after 1600,
this dress was largely formal with warriors of the higher order. In the age of these documents,
Hita-dare must have been specially fancied by guardsmen on duty on cold nights, when it could be
put on over the armor. A variety which was under the armor(yoroi) was called yoroi hita-
dare.
  2Ken-mu ki, quoted in Dai Ni-hon shi-ryo, VI, ii, 303.
  3O-ban, guard service; see No. 13, n. 17.
  4The editor has intentionally employed this general word in rendering the troublesome phrase
cho-dzu (or cho-do) kake. Cho-do meant literally "equipment" of any kind, but, as applied to the
warrior of this period, his chief weapons, the bow and arrows. It is the presence of the word kake
(literally, "hanger") that makes the difficulty for the translator, for the whole expression, cho-do
kake, meant either a stand or which the weapons when not in use might be reposed, or a retainer,
himself a warrior and, in case of one for the sho-gun, his trusted vassal, who carried on the
shoulder the bow and arrows for his lord. (In the Adzuma-kagami, the carrier of the lord's armor
or sword is seldom called his cho-do kake, the term always applying to the bearer of his bow and
arrows.) The editor will not attempt to say which of the two significations should apply here. (See
Bu-ke zhi-ki, by Yamaga So-Ko, chap. 55.)
  Another meaning, the one adopted by the editors of the Dai Ni-hon shi-ryo (see VI, ii, 306),
is the cord or tape that was tied into a knot over the eboshi cap and brought down and again tied
under the chin, so as to hold the cap in place. The phrase to fit this construction would be a dif-
ferent one, namely, cho-dzu (never cho-do) kake, literally, top-head-tie. Cf. Ko-zhi rui-en: fuku-
shoku bu (1910), chap. 22, pp. 1206-1208.
   5Of the four men of the Shibuya family mentioned, Shin-hei-zhi was Shigemoto, the lord of
Iriki; the other three cannot be identified.
   6Ibusuki Zho-Yei, according to the Dai Ni-hon shi-ryo.
   7Hishizhima Yoshinori.                        8Yamada Munehisa.
   9Apparently each shu-go had his headquarters for the warriors of his kuni performing this
service.
   10Shimadzu Sadahisa, the shu-go of Satsuma.