#59
59. REGISTERS OF TA IN KIYOSHIKI, 1322
(Iriki-in docs.; also KK, I.)
THESE registers, if carefully compared with Nos. 49, 52, and 70, should throw welcome light upon
the character of a jito- fief in the late Kamakura period: its composition as a whole; its division
into holdings of residents and sub-grants to the lord's relatives and retainers; the composition of
each holding or grant; the size and nature of the lord's demesnes; etc. Also, many an item reveals
the transitional state in the differentitation of the warrior and the peasant and of their tenures, and
in the development of the true fief slowly emerging from the earlier state in which a vassal served at
once under a military lord and economically or predially under one or more domanial patrons.
The following modifications from the original documents have, purely for the sake of con-
venience, been made in this translation:
1Every item in the original is checked with a short red line, though, as a matter of fact, the
figures are not always correct. The red marks are not reproduced here.
2Every statement of an area is prefixed with the phrase "one place" in so extremely an
abridged cursive form that few Japanese would be able to decipher it; and this phrase is used,
by force of habit, even after the explicit phrases, "two places," "four places," etc, The conven-
tional "one place" has been dispensed with in the translation.
3The measurements of rice and land-areas are again given in the conventional forms used in
No. 49. (See the explanations in n.4 to that No.) However, the new unit of surface measurement,
bu, written in a character meaning "part," (not the same as the bu, literally, "pace," that is,
1/360 of a tan, explained in No. 9, n. 1), that is introduced in these registers, is repeated in the
translation. Owing to the infreguency of the use of the bu, and to apparent errors in the figures
from which its extent might otherwise be inferred, it seems impossible to determine the area of a
bu, relative to that of a jo.
The proper names in small letters, excepting those few personal names that are so noted, are
either aza-na, that is, small place-names, or other conveniet phrases indicative of the positions of
plots. Though it is no longer possible today actually to identify all the places, it is owing to the
presence of these names that we are enabled to observe at least how scattered at different places
were the plots of individual holders, and how mingled at single places were plots of various holders.
The names are also interestingly suggestive of the origins of aza-na. Some names,such as Mae-
toko and Utsu, were clearly old and well eatablishied; the original meanings of most of these names
were probably forgotten. Others were newer, and many of them were still in a fluid state, not far
removed from mere brief descriptions of the location: (1) some of these descriptions consisted either
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of a conspicuous landmark or some other remarkable feature of the place, like Kaki-no-ki("per-
simmon tree"), Mori-ta("ta near a grove"), and O-hata("large hata"), or of the position of the
locality relative to a distinguishing point rear-by, such as Do-mae, ("in front of a chapel"), Michi
no kashira("head of the road"), and Tani no kuchi("mouth of the vale"); (2) some were indicative
of the tenure, whether past or present, of the land in question, as, for example, Hatsu Shin-motsu
("first offering"), and Kyo-den(ta provided for the reading of a Buddhist scripture). There is little
doubt that many of the older proper names had originally been some such descriptive phrases, and
also that some of these newer half-common and half-proper names would in course of time further
be simplified and conventionalized into definitely fixed aza-na. In order that the reader should not
be totally lost among these names, a simple glossary of them, with probable meanings of terms, has
here been appended:
Abumi, stirups; Adzuki-zaki, pea(-field) point; Ama-kashi, sweek oak; An-shitsu [?] no soe,
beside retired Buddhist's hut (?).
Besshin, (?).
Do-mae, in front of chapel; Do-zhi, a minor Buddhist deity.
E-gi, (?).
Funa-se, ferry; Fu no-tomari, stoppong of . . . (?); Furu-dono, old hall(?); Furu-i, old well;
Furu-kawa, old river; Fu-shuku, (?); Futa-mure, two hamlets.
Hachi-ana, basin hollow; Hagi no moto, beside hagi wood; hara, plain; Hatsu Shin-motsu, first
offering; hi, water-pipe; Hi no hara, pipe plain; Hi no kuchi, mouth of pipe; Hi no shita, below
pipe; hira, flat; Hira-Koba, flat wood-yard; Hira-take, flat peak; Hishi no sako, lozenge-shaped
narrow; Hoki, broom; Ho no ki, ho tree.
I, well; Ide no hara, dike plain; Ide no ki, dike tree; Ide no kuchi, dike mouth; ie, house; I-no-
shiri, well tail; Ishi ga hana, stone nose; Ishi-tatami, stone mat; Ihi-to, stone pagoda.
Kaji-michi, road to the smith; Kado-ta, angle ta; Kago-ya no sumi, the basket-maker's corner;
Kai-nomoto, (?); Kaki no ki, persimmon tree; Kama-bushi, (?); kami, upper, above; Kanoko,
(?); Kari-atsumari, hunting meet (?); kashira, head; Kata-ga-no, . . . (?) plain; kawa, river;
Kawa-bata, river-side; Kawa-go, leather basket; Kawara, river basin; Kawa-ya, leather maker;
Kisa-no-ki, kisa tree; kita, north; Ko-ba, woos-yard; ko-bata, little hata; Kokawo [?], (?);
Komoi-ta, (?); Ko-mure, little hamlet; Ko-take-hara ta, little bamboo plain ta; Kowata, (?);
kuchi, mouth, end; Kuki-Utsu, (?); Kukume, (?); Kuri, Kuri-no-ki, chestnut, chestnut tree;
Kuro mu-sha, black warrior (?); Kyo, Kyo-den, (Buddhist) scripture, scripture ta.
Machi, paths (between fields); Made-no, . . . (?) plain; mae, in front of, before; Mae-toko,
front bed; magari, bend; Uma-goe, horse pass; Maro-uri, (?); maru, (suffix to some proper
names); matsu, pine; Matsu-mine, pine ridge; Matsu-no-ki no moto, near pine tree; Matsu-o,
pine . . . (?); Matsu no sako, pine narrow; Ma-ya, stable; men, "exempt," (see No. 18, n. 5);
Michi no kashira, road head; Mi-kaburi, (?); Mina-kuchi, water-mouth; minami, south; Mi-
natsu-ta, (?); miya,(Shinto) temple; Miya-da, temple ta; mizo, ditch; Mochi-ta, glutinous rice
ta; Mori no ki, forest trees; Mori-ta, forest ta; moto, beside, near; Mugi-ta, barley ta; mukae,
opposite; mure, hamlet.
Nabe kettle; Naga-no, long plain; Naga-take, long bamboo; Naka-maru, middle one; Naka-no,
middle plain; Naka no hira, middle flat; Naka no sako, middle narrow; Naka-o middle . . .
(?); Naka-da, middle ta; Naka-take, middle peak; Naka-Tsuru, middle Tsuru; Naka-yama,
middle mountain; Nawa-biki, rope stretcher; nishi, west; Nishi no hara, west plain; no, of; no
wild plain; Noge-ta, . . . (?) ta; No-hira, wild flat; No-ine, wild rice; No-naka ta, ta in midst
of widi; No-soi, along a wild.
P197
O-hata, great hata; Oi no kura, (?);Okoshi(?); Orio, (?); Okoshi, (?); O-sako, great narrow; Ototo-
tsukuri, younger brother's "cultivation."
Saka, slope; Saka-moto, near a slope; sako, narrow; saku, "cultivation," (see No. 55 n. 17);
Sa-watari, (?); Se no kuchi, mouth of a ford; Shima-meguri, around an island; Shimo, lower;
Shimo-tsuka, lower mound; shino, slender bamboo; Shin-motsu, presents, offerings; Shiwo-uri,
salt vender; Shira-saka, white slope; shiri, tail; shita, below; Sui-sanm (?); sumi, corner; Sunako-
ta, . . . (?) ta; Suwa no machi, path of Suwa (temple); soe, soi, alongside; sono, garden, (see
No. 45, n. 9); Sono-ta, ta beside or converted from sono.
Taka-kowa, high . . . (?); Taka-tsuki, high tsuki tree; Taka-ya, high house (?), hawk house
(?); Take-shita or Take-no-shita, below a bamboo grove; take-hara ta, ta in a bamboo plain;
tana, terrace; tane-ta, seed ta; tani, vale; tani no kuchi, mouth of a vale; Take-yama no mae,
before Mount Tate; Tera-toko, chrcn bed Terako [?] no kashira, head of . . . (?);
Toku hoshi, a buddhist priest's abridged name; Toku-nashi, unprofitable (?) ; To no shita, below
the pagoda; Toro-ta, ta providing for a stone lantern; Tsubaki mae, before camelia trees; tsubo,
(see No. 55, n. 14); Tsubuki, (?); Tsuka-se, (?); tsukuri, (same as saku); Tsuru, (?).
Ue, uwa, above, upper; Utsu, (?).
Waki-ta, side ta; Wata-se, ford; Wata-uchi, cotton-thrasher.
Yama no kuchi, end of mountain; Yama-shita, below mountain; yanagi, willow tree; ya-shiki,
house lot; Yoko-makura, lying pillow; Yoshino machi, . . . (?) path ; Yu-ana, thermal spring;
Yu-no-ki no sako, yu tree narrow; Yuwaya, grotto (?).
[IMAGE]@@[JP-#73]
#59-A
A.
"REGISTER of ta,south part of Kiyoshiki.
"Gen-ko 2 y., midzu-no-e inu,1 3 m. 13 d. [31 March 1322].
"Total
"THE ISHI-TO2 LOT:-
Taka-ya same place Matsu-sako Matsu-sako shiri
0.1.0. 0.1.21/2. 0.1.41/2. 0.0.2.
Kaki-no-ki kaki-no-ki ta Kuri no sako Tera-toko
0.3.0. 0.5.3. 0.0.2. 0.0.31/2.
Se no kuchi Uma-goe Uma-goe Uma-goe
0.0.1/2. 0.0.2. 0.1.0. new,0.0.2.
Ide no ki Ide no hara Utsu Miya-da
0.0.3. 0.0.1. new,0.1.0. 0.0.4.
Miya-da no soi Tsuka-se Tani no kuchi sono,men for do
0.0.0.20bu. 0.1.0. 0.0.2. 0.0.11/2.
Sono-da Sono-da no mina-kuchi Do-zi sono Kawara no mukae
0.0.1. 0.0.2. 0.3.0. new,0.1.2.
Mukae Hi no kuchi Hi no hara Hi no hara
0.1.2. 0.1.2. 0.0.21/2. 0.0.1.Goro.
Made-no
0.0.4.40bu.
"In all, 2.9.2, of which: temple [ta], 0.0.4,
church [ta],0.0.11/2,
sono,0.3.0, [inclusive of] new sono-ta, 0.2.0.
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"[Remainder] 2.3.31/2,of which:
crop failed,4 0.1.3,
new 0.6.0, of which 0.3.41/2, rice due 0.0.78,
remaining, 0.2.1/2;
original 1.7.31/2; rice due 5.58, inclusive of the newly opened [ta].
"THE NAKA-NO SAKO-HEAD 2 LOT:-
Kari-atsumari Orio no kuchi Kanoko-ta Kanoko-ta
0.0.4. 0.0.3. Dai-maru,0.3.3,of which 0.3.2.
0.0.2,not cultivated.
Shino sako Kawa-ya no sako Kuri-no-ki
Saka no shita 0.1.2. 0.3.0.
0.0.3.
"In all, 1.3.2, of which:
not cultivated, 0.0.2;
crop failed,40.1.0;
in cultivation,5 1.3.0, of which
new, 0.1.0.20 bu; rice due,0.28.
Rice due,2.71, inculsive of the newly opened.
"THE LOT OF IYA SABURO,3 NAKA-NO:2-
Ide no kuchi
Kanoko-ta Ko-bata Kawako no inomoto Ide no uwa
0.0.3. 0.0.11/2. 0.0.1. 0.0.1.
Ide no moto Kanoko-ta Naka-mura,[kanoko-ta] Yu-ana no kuchi
0.0.31/2. Kami-maru,0.2.0. 0.1.1. 0.2.0.
Yu-ana Saka no Shita Shira-saka no ue
0.0.11/2. 0.0.3. 0.2.0,of which 0.1.1.
0.1.0, do-men.
Shira-saka no shita Sono-ta Kita no sako
0.1.0. Furu(-i)no soe, 0.0.3. 0.1.1.
"In all, 1.4.1/2,of which:do-men, 0.1.0; crop failed,4 0.0.4;
in cultivation,5 0.9.2, of which 0.1.41/2 new; rice due, 0.38.
Rice due, 3.14, inculusive of the newly opened.
"THE LOT OF MAGO-TARO,3 NAKA-NO:2-
Mitsu-kawa no (?) same place Yama-no-kuchi no i-no- Mochi-ta no kashira
shiri
0.3.0. 0.3.2. 0.0.1. 0.2.1.
temple-ta Nabe Yama shita Yoshino machi
0.0.4. 0.1.2. 0.2.31/2 0.5.3.
Hatsu shin-motsu ta Sui-san Naka-maru Shima-meguri
no ue
0.0.2. 0.1.2, uncultivated. 0.1.41/2. 0.0.1.
"In all, 2.3.1, of which: temple ta, 0.0.4; crop failed,4 0.1.0;
in clutivation,5 1.7.2, of which 0.4.0 new; rice due, 1.2.
Rice due,8.4, inclusive of the newly opened.
P199
"THR LOT OF KI-TO-TARO,3 YAMA-GUCHI:2-
Suwa no machi Ototo-tsukuri Mochi-ta Naka-noi-no shiri shita
0.3.0. 0.1.2. 0.0.4. 0.0.2.
* * *6 Kaji-machi Nabe
0.0.2. 0.1.0. 0.1.3.
Suwa no machi Suwa-no Um a-watari Do-mae
0.1.0. 0.0.41/2. 0.0.1. 0.0.31/2.
barren, 0.0.11/2.
Mae-da Yu-ana no kuchi Shimo Mori-ta Hei-shichi saku,7
0.0.21/2. 0.0.11/2. 0.0.3. inclusive of Abumi
0.0.11/2, not cultivated. 0.1.2
Suwa-no Suwa-no, in Naka-no Um a-watari Yama-guchi do-mae
0.1.0. 0.0.3. 0.0.0.10 bu. 0.1.0.
Mae-da I-no-ue Matsuki no moto Suwa-no machi no
kashira
0.1.11/2 new, 0.0.0.10 bu. 0.0.2. 0.0.1.
Kuri-no-ki no moto Kyo-den no kashira Ide no shita Kukume no saka no shita
0.0.11/2. 0.0.11/2. 0.0.11/2. 0.1.3.
Furu-i no moto Tsubuki Taka-tsuki
0.0.0.5 bu. 0.1.4. 0.1.4.
"In all, 2.3.31/2, of which: not cultivated, 0.0.3; crop failed,4 0.2.11/2;
in cultivation,5 1.7.2, of which 0.3.2.15 bu, new; rice due, 0.34.
Rice due, 8.4, inclusive of the newly opened.
"0.1.11/2, of which 0.0.21/2, not cultivated, 0.0.1, crop failed.4
Rice due, 0.24. Yasu-saburo.
"KI-TO-ZO,3 FUTA-MURE:2-
Hoki no sako Ie nouwa Furu-dono No-ine no hara
0.2.0. 0.0.1. 0.0.11/2. 0.0.21/2.
Hi no kuchi no ue Hi no shita Furu-dono Matsu no sako
0.0.41/2. new, 0.1.4. 0.0.4. 0.0.1.
Yanagi no sako Naka no no-naka I no moto Ko-bata
same place same place
0.0.2. To-taro, 0.1.1. 0.1.1., of which not 0.1.3.
cultivated, 0.0.1.
No-ine no hara Naka-ta Ho-no-ki no minami Ho-no-ki
0.3.4. 0.2.3. 0.0.2. 0.4.0.
Honoki no sono shita Honoki no . . . (?)
0.1.1. 0.1.1. new, 0.1.2. 0.0.3.
Muko, 0.0.21/2. 4 places, 0.1.4. 0.0.11/2.
"In all, 2.7.4, of which: 0.0.1, not cultivated; 0.0.1, provision for wells;
crop failed,4 0.1.4;
in cultivation,5 2.4.1, of which 0.7.0, new;
0.3.2; rice due, 1.292;
0.3.3; rice due, 1.08;
Rice due, 9.372, inclusive of the newly opened.
P200
"ROKURO NYU-DO'S3 LOT:-
Hi no kuchi no mukae Hatsu shin-motsu No-ine no hara
0.1.1. 0.1.0. 0.4.0.
"In all, 0.6.1; rice due, 1.5.
"Total, 12.2.1; rice due, 38.982.
"GRANTED LOTS.8
"Uemon-no-zho:3-
Suwa no magari Kama-bushi Kukume no shita
0.2.0. 0.2.0. 0.1.0. 2 places, 0.1.0.
Shima-meguri No-ine no hara Kawara no ue
0.2.0. 0.0.2. 0.0.2. 0.5.0.
Yu-no ki no sako
0.1.1. new, 0.0.4. 0.0.0.5 bu.
Kuro-musha no men
Kawa-bata same place same place Hi no ue
0.0.11/2. new, 0.2.1. 0.0.2. 0.1.2.
Yuwaya no kuchi temple [ta] Sono-ta I no shiri
0.1.0. 0.1.0. 0.0.31/2. 0.0.1/2.
new, 0.2.0.
"In all, 2.1.11/2. 5 bu, of which crop failed,4 0.1.3.
Inclusive of Kuro-musha [men].
"Mata-goro nyu-do:3-
Egi mina-kuchi new new
new, 0.0.11/2. 0.1.0. 0.1.3. 0.2.0.
Ie no mae Shimo-Tsuka Naka-Tsuru No-ine no hara
new, 0.0.4. 0.1.3. 0.2.0. 0.0.1.
same Hi no kuchi Kaki-no-ki no moto Kaki-no-ki
0.0.1. 0.0.2. 0.1.11/2. 0.0.1.
Mina-kuchi Iya-to-zo's saku Funa-se Hi no hara
barley, 0.0.2.. 0.2.0. 0.3.3, Do-mae. New, 0.1.3, Ishi-to.
"In all, 1.7.1, of which crop failed, 0.2.1/2.
"Iya-gen-ta:-
Made-no Ide no kuchi Kai-moto Tane-ta
0.3.2. 0.0.11/2, Shin-taro.3 0.3.4, of which 0.3.3.
0.0.21/2, not cultivated.
Kuri-no-ki no soi Mizo no ue Kanoko-ta Kai-moto no soi
Hi no hara 0.2.3. new, 0.0.3.
0.0.0.6 bu. 0.0.1.
Furu(-I) no mae Hi no hara
Mizo no shita
new, 0.0.0.3 bu. new, 0.0.2.
"In all, 1.4.2.9 bu, of which crop failed,4 0.1.3.
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"Iya-taro:3-
No-ine no hara lot
Ho-no-ki Shiwo-uri no sako Ko-bata Ko-bata no kashira
0.0.11/2. 0.1.0. 0.1.0. 0.0.4.
Naka no hira lot
Ya-shiki no soe Shin-taro's saku9 Naka no hira
0.5.0. 0.0.1/2. 0.0.0.5 bu. 0.1.0.
Naka no hira Hi no hara, Ishi-to Yama no kuchi lot Yama-shita
0.0.0.20 bu. 0.0.4. 0.0.4. 0.0.0.2 1/2.
0.0.1/2, [?].
"In all, 1.2.31/2.5 bu, of which crop failed, 0.0.21/2.
"Uemon-taro:3-
Kado-ta Hagi no moto Sono-ta Hi no shita
0.1.0. 0.2.0. 0.1.0. 0.0.2.
"In all, 0.4.2, of which crop failed,4 0.0.1.
"Naka-mura
0.6.0; Nakao Ryo-Sho3 opened 0.4.0. -Hiko-shiro,3 Idzumi.2
"Shiro [?] no Utsu
0.1.0. -Yasu-zhiro,3 Tsuru.2
"0.2.0. -Hei-taro nyu-do,3
"Okoshi
0.0.41/2. -Zhiro-taro,3 Ko-bata.2
"Okoshi
0.3.1; new, 0.0.3. -Iya-roku,3 Yanagi no sa-watari.2
"Naka-Tsuru no ma-ya
0.1.1. -Go-ro,3 Ishi-to.2
"Furu no mae
0.0.2. -Tora-hachi.3
"Kanoko hara
0.0.11/2; new, 0.0.0.20 bu. -Zhu-ro,3 Tsuru.2
"0.0.11/2. -Shiro-taro.3
"0.0.21/2. -Myo-I [?] no go-bo.3
"DOMAIN LOTS:10-
Kuri-no-ki no moto Tsubuki Naka-o Mikaburi
0.2.3. 0.1.0. 0.5.3. 0.4.0.
"CHURCH [LOTS]:-
Funa-se No-ine no hara An-shitsu no soe Ishi-to Naka-no
0.0.3. 0.4.0. 0.0.2. 0.0.11/2. 0.1.0.
"TEMPLE [LOTS]:-
Kuro-musha Ishi-to Naka-no
0.1.0. 0.0.4. 0.0.4.
P202
"THE SUTRA11 [LOTS]:-
0.3.0.
Not cultivated, 0.1.0, Kami-suki.12 Not cultivated, 0.1.0, Suwa no machi.
"KUKI-UTSU.
Taxable,13 in cultivation,51.5.3.
"Grand total, wet rice-land, 27.4.3.9bu
inclusive of church ta, temple ta, domain,10 grant lots,8 the hyaku-sho's14 lots,
uncultivated [ta], provision for the wells, and Kuki-Utsu.
"Nishi no hara:2 opened by Myo-Gen,3 0.3.0;
New, To shita,2 0.1.2;
New, Suwa-no machi,2 0.1.2."
[IMAGE]@@[JP-#72]
#59-B
B.
"Register of ta, north part of Kiyoshiki.15
Gen-ko, 2 y., midzu-no-e inu, 3 m. 13 d., [31 March 1322].
"Total
"THE TAKE-HARA-DA2 LOT:-
Minawa-ta Minawa-ta Minawa-ta Besshin no soe
0.1.2. 0.3.1. 0.1.1. new, 0.0.2.
Komohi-ta O-hata O-hata Kai-moto, inclusive of
Uma-watari
0.0.4. 0.1.2. 0.3.21/2. 0.2.1
Take-shita Yama-guchi Miya-da no soe Ie no mae
new, 0.0.11/2. New, 0.0.1/2. New, 0.0.2. new, 0.2.1.
Oi no kura
0.0.11/2.
"In all, 1.7.4, of which:-
0.4.31/2, of which: original, [0.4.0: rice due,] 1.46;
new, 0.0.31/2: rice due, 0.21. -Saburo-taro.3
0.2.1: rice due, 1.6. -Hashi-moto3
0.7.11/2, of which: new, 0.2.3: [rice due], 1.04;
original, [0.4.31/2: rice due,] 1.38. -Genpachi nyu-do.3
0.2.3, of which: new, 0.0.3: [rice due,] 0.28;
original, [0.2.0: rice due,] 0.877. -Mata-roku.3
"THE FU-SHUKU2 LOT:-
1.2.11/2: rice due, 3.99.
"THE ADZUKI-SAKI2 LOT:-
Take-shita I-zhiri Mae Tate-yame no mae
2 places, 0.0.21/2. 0.4.0. 0.0.11/2. 0.0.1/2.
Hashi no sako Naka-take, Hi no kuchi Orio, ta-shiro16
0.0.2. 0.0.2. 0.2.0.
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"In all, 0.7.31/2, of which: crop failed,4 0.1.31/2;
in cultivation,5 0.6.0: [dues] commuted17 in silk, 2;18 [balance] rice due, 0.2.
"THE HIRA KO-BA2 LOT:-
Hishi no sako Ko-bata
0.0.11/2. 0.0.2. 0.2.3. 0.2.3.
0.1.2. 0.2.2. 0.0.2. 0.0.3.
Mugi-ta
0.1.1. 0.1.0. 0.1.3. 0.0.3.
"In all, 1.5.1/2, of which: crop failed,4 0.3.1/2;
in cultivation,5 0.1.3: rice due, 2.9.
"THE HIRA-TAKE2 LOT:-
Provision for well Ama-kashi Hi no kuchi Five places
4 places, 0.0.3. 0.0.1/2. 0.3.3. 0.0.3.
"In all, 0.4.31/2, of which: crop failed,4 0.0.31/2;
provision for the well,0.0.3;
in cultivation,5 0.3.3: rice due, 0.9.
"THE KATA-GA-NO2 LOT:-
Noge[?]-ta same place same place same place
0.2.0. 0.4.4. 0.1.0. 0.0.1.
same place same place same place
0.2.0. 0.1.21/2. 0.1.0. 0.3.1/2.
Nawa-biki Ishi-tatami Matsu-o
0.1.3. 0.0.1/2. 0.1.1/2.
"In all, 1.5.1, of which:
0.9.0, of which, crop failed,4 0.0.3;
in cultivation,5 0.8.2: commuted in silk, 3;18 for the remaining
0.0.41/2: rice due, 0.27.
0.6.1, of which, crop failed,4 0.11;
in cultivation,5 0.5.0: commuted in silk, 2;18
"THE NAKA-YAMA2 LOT:-
Ishi ga hana
0.2.0, of which 0.0.21/2. 0.0.2. 0.0.2.
0.1.0,men
0.0.11/2. 0.1.1/2. 0.1.0. 0.0.0.5 bu.
Tate-yama no mae
0.0.31/2. 0.2.1.
"In all, 0.7.3.5 bu, of which: crop failed,4 0.1.3.5 bu;
in cultivation,5 0.6.0: commuted in silk, 2;18 [balance] rice due, 0.25.
"THE NO-HIRA2 LOT:-
0.0.0.5 bu. 0.0.1. 0.0.1/2. 0.0.4, Mae.
0.0.4.
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"In all, 0.1.41/2.5 bu, of which: crop failed,4 0.0.2.5 bu;
in cultivation,5 0.1.21/2; rice due, 0.45.
"THE TOKU HO-SHI2 LOT:-
Idzumo-tsukuri19
0.1.0. 0.0.2. 0.1.1. 0.0.2.
0.0.2. 0.1.0. 0.1.0. 0.0.2.
0.1.1. 0.1.0. 0.1.0; of the dues,20 0.0.3.
0.1.5,so men.21
0.0.4.
"In all, 1.0.1, of which: crop failed,4 0.2.1;
in cultivation,5 0.8.0, of which 0.4.0: rice due, 1.26, -Iya-zhuro;3
0.3.0: rice due, 1.14,-Shin-hei-zo.3
"THE MAE-TOKO2 LOT:-
new,0.3.0. 0.0.1/2. 0.0.1. 0.0.0.10 bu.
0.0.0.7 bu. 0.0.0.3 bu. 0.0.0.10 bu.
"In all, 0.3.2, of which: crop failed,4 0.0.1;
in cultivation,5 0.3.1: rice due, 0.96.
"THE KO-MURE2 LOT:-
Wat a-se Naka-take Orio ta-shiro16
0.1.0. 0.0.1. 0.3.1. Hi no shita, 0.2.0.
same place Hi no kuchi no tana No-soi same place
Hi no ue, 0.1.0. same place, 0.3.0. same place, 0.1.0. 0.2.0
"In all, 1.3.2, of which: the provision for the well,0.1.0;
crop failed,4 0.1.0;
in cultivation,5 0.1.2: [dues] commuted in silk, 4;18 balance rice due, 0.35.
"THE NAGA-NO2 LOT,-SABURO-ZHIRO:3-
Toku ho-shi Kago-ya no sumi
0.1.3: rice due, 0.0.21/2: rice due, 0.2.0: rice due,
0.252 0.13. 0.63.
Wata-uchi Maro-uri
0.1.2: rice due, 0.1.3: rice due, 0.0.1: rice due,
0.44. 0.38. 0.07.
Sunako-ta No-naka ta
0.0.3: rice due, 0.1.1: rice due, 0.0.11/2: rice due,
0.2. 0.43. 0.07.
Kami Saka-moto Mae-ta
0.1.1: rice due, 0.5.3: rice due, 0.0.3: rice due,
0.39. 2.24. 0.13.
"In all, 1.6.41/2: rice due, 5.362, of which 0.362 men.
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"THE NAGA-NO2 LOT, -GYO-BU:3-
Toku-nashi same tsubo, shimo Kawa no higashi
0.3.0:0.7.5. 0.3.2; uncultivated, 0.0.4; 0.1.2:0.38.
[due], 0.85.
Miya no tani Wata-uchi Kuri-no-ki
0.1.21/2:0.4725. 0.0.2:0.12. 0.1.0:0.2.
Wata-uchi Kisa-no-ki
0.0.2:0.12. 0.0.31/2:0.26. 0.0.21/2:0.2.
Mori no ki Terako no kashira
0.1. 0.3.3:1.44. 0.0.2:0.7.
new, 0.1.21/2: rice due, 0.375.
"In all, 1.6.31/2.
4.9625, of which 0.2, Ho-no-ki . . .220.0005;
0.162, men.
Inclusive of dues of the newly opened, 0.375.
"Total of Naga-no, 3.3.3: rice due, 10.3245.
"Total, 14.3.41/2.10 bu, of which:
crop failed,4 1.3.11/2.10bu,-of this, for the well, 0.1.3;
in cultivation,5 13.0.3: rice due, 30.61, of which:
2.8, excepted, -Toku-nashi;2
2.9, excepted, -Hira Koba.2
Taxable,13 rice, 24.91;
besides, silk 13,hiki.18
"GRANT LOTS.8
"Shin-zhiro nyu-do,3Ueno:2-
Tsubuki same place Naka no maru To-ro ta
0.3.3. 0.2.0. 0.1.1. 0.0.4.
Yoko-makura Sono-ta
0.3.2. 0.1.0.
"In all, 2.4.4, Hira Ko-ba, 1.3.0, included.
"Suke bo:3-
Naka no maru Yama-guchi Hi no shita
0.1.0. 0.2.0. 0.3.1. new, 0.1.1.
Kyo-den11 for Waka- Yakushi-do soi Michi no kashira
miya24
0.1.2. 0.0.2. 0.3.4.
"In all, 1.3.0, of which, temple ta, 0.2.2;
inclusive of Kawa-go.25
"Hiko-shiro,3 Idzumi:2-
Kokawo Besshin Nakao
0.3.0. 0.4.0;0.0.11/2. 0.6.0, south part.
eroded by river.
"In all, 1.3.0, of which 0.0.1, eroded by river.
"Hida Saemon Goro:3-
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Sono-da Shimo-tsuka Taka Ko-ba O-sako
0.1.0. 0.1.4;0.0.2, 0.2.0. Sakai,0.0.2.
eroded by river.
Tsubaki hae
3 places,0.3.2.
"In all, 0.6.1, inclusive of Tsubaki-hae.
"Yasu-zhiro:3-
Matsu-mine Waki-ta new new
0.2.2. 0.0.2. 0.2.0. 0.2.2, before the house.
Fu-no-tomari no
Fuku-kawa Kaki-no-ki Naga-ta Fu-no-tomari
0.2.0. 0.0.2. 0.1.2; not cultivated, 0.2.0.
0.0.1.
"In all, 1.3.0, inclusive of the new 0.4.0.
"Hachi-ana
0.1.1,-Zhippo.3 0.1.0,-Iya-shichi.3 0.1.4,-Shiro-taro.3
0.2.3,-Ko-zhiro.3 0.3.1,-Hashi-moto. 0.1.1,-Zhu-goro.3
The Toku ho-shi2 grant,-Yo-zhi.3
1.1.0, of which 0.1.0, for the well, -Goro-shiro dono,3 Funa-se.2
1.9.0, of which 0.1.0, for the well, -Iya-goro dono,3 Ko-ba.2
0.2.0,-Mori dono.3
1.4.1, the original 0.1.2, inclusive, -domain.10
"In all, 15.1.3.
"TEMPLE [LOTS]:-
O-miya23 O-miya23 Waka-miya24 Naga-no miya
new, 0.1.0. 0.2.0. 0.1.0, 9-day.26 0.1.0.
"CHURCH [LOTS]:-
Naga-no Yakushi do Waka-miya kyo-den
0.1.0. 0.1.0. 0.1.2.
"In all, 0.8.2, of which, church ta, 0.2.0;
temple ta, 0.6.2.
"Ko-take-wara ta
0.7.0, Kai no . . .22 on-kata27
"NEWLY OPENED LOTS AT TSURU:-
0.3.0,-Iya-gen-ta.3 0.5.4,-Do-Nen.3 0.5.0,-Sa-kon nyu-do.3
0.2.3,including dues of the oroginal ta, -Gen-pachi nyu-do.3
0.2.1,-Yasu-saburo.3 0.0.3,-Iya-taro.3 0.4.0,-Yasu-zhiro.3
0.4.0,-Uemon-no-zho.3
"In all, 2.7.1, inclusive of original dues in rice.
"Grand total, 33.8.1/2.15 bu,
inclusive of temple ta, church ta,provision for the wells, domain,10 grant lots,8
and the hyaku-sho's14 lots."
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1The 59th year in the sexagenerary cycle. 2Place-names.
3Personal names. 4Son;see No. 49, n. 5.
5Toku; see No. 49, n. 5. 6Rubbed off in the original.
7Saku, the Shiki of the "cultivator." See No. 55, n. 17.
8Nin-kyu bun, literally, parts granted to persons, or parts for personal grants. See No. 18, nn. 9
and 15.
9The original says kusa, which is evidently an error for saku. See n. 7.
10Yo-saku bun, literally, parts for use and cultivation. The terms yo-saku(use and cultivation)
and tsukuri-da(ta for cultivation) are applied to lands reserved for the exploitation by a lord or
his intendant, and may well be rendered as "demesne" or "domain." (Cf. No. 15, n. 3; No. 18, n. 4.)
It is not always possible to guess who the lord might be whose domain the lots constituted. We
may suppose that, in the present documents, the ji-to is implied.
11Kyo, sutra, or, a Buddhist scripture. Here is meant the ta assigned for the maintenance of the
ritual of reading the kyo.
12Paper-maker. 13Jo, taxable; see No. 18, n. 9.
14Hyaku-sho, literally, one hundred family-names. The term is historic, and the gradual change
of its real meaning through the ages is indicative of the general history of the social classes in
Japan. Originally adopted from the Chinese language, the term meant, in the seventh and eighth
centuries, the free, taxable citizens of the country, who bore family-names; after the seventeenth
century, hyaku-sho had come to mean peasants, who as a rule were not permitted to bear family-
names. Between these two periods, the intervening ages saw a gradual transition of the meaning
from the one extreme to the other. In the early feudal ages, the hyaku-sho constituted the bulk of
the lower warrior class and probably also of the chief armed residents of the provinces. Since,
however, both these classes were at that time settled on land, and were intimately associated with
the tilling of the soil; and since the gradual trend of social changes was toward a more and more
marked differentiation of the warrior and the peasant;-from these circumstances it naturally came
about that the term tended to remain with the class that clung to the soil, that is, to become
identified, not with the warrior, who was in an increasing degree growing into a special class, and
therefore detached from the farm life, but with the agriculturist, whose work was becoming as
special, but who alone, with his folks, was destined to remain settled upon the land. At the time
of the present documents, in 1322, we find ourselves at a rather early stage of this transition, when
hyaku-sho must have meant men most of whom were still resident upon land, overseeing its tillage
and managing its affairs, but capable on instant's notice of donning their armor, saddling their
horses, and riding out to battle as fully equipped warriors. Further see the Annual Report of the
American Historical Association for 1916, I, 324-325 and especially the notes, where the present
editor has discussed the evolution a little more fully.
15The errors that the editor found in the mounting of the sheets of the original document he
has rectified for this translation.
16Ta-shiro, literally, substitute of ta. This seems to mean, in this instance, land nearly equiva-
lent to ta.
17Dai.
18The unit for silk is the hiki. See No. 49, n. 10.
19Tsukuri, the same as saku; see n. 7. 20Sho-to, dues.
21So, land tax in rice; men, exempt. 22One character here is unintelligible.
23O-miya, literally, great temple; the main temple.
24Waka-miya, literally, young temple, meaning a branch temple. The reading of Buddhist sutras
was performed in Shinto temples also.
25Kawa-go, literally, leather-basket.
26Whether this is nine days or ninth day is wknown.
27A lady.
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